The bulldozer was stopped and the Department of Antiquities and Museums was called in to excavate scientifically. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. The Sea of Galilee is Israel's largest freshwater lake. Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. At the center is a large prayer hall in the form of a basilica. The Syrians made reprisals, and took many prisoners. , Ulrich Luz, Matthew: A Commentary, ed. Jesus gives Kingdom illustrations. I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. Now a village is pointed out beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong.11. There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. The place is not mentioned till later times. See GENNESARET, LAND OF. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and . It had begun to be named from the city so recently built on its western shore even in New Testament times (John 21:1; John 6:1); and by this name, slightly modified, it is known to this day-Bachr Tabariyeh.2. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3 The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that well get to in a bit). The fruits of Gennesaret had such high repute among the rabbis that they were not allowed in Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, lest any might be tempted to come merely for their enjoyment (Neubauer, Geog. He deals with a remaining issue by locating the herd some distance away rather than on the hillside next to the lake. The name Samak, which means fish both in Aramaic (the vernacular of Jesus time) and in Arabic, reflects the fact that these fish were as important to the ancients as to people today. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. , Origen, John. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. ge-nes'-a-ret he ge Gennesaret):1. A steamer plies on the sea between the station at Semakh and Tiberias. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Cana to Capernaum, It takes 0.03 hours to arrive. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. Other sites, Tabga for example, were restored in the last decades of the 19th century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment. Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. Still other pilgrimage sites, such as Magdala, have been only recently rediscovered by archaeological excavations after having been entirely forgotten for more than a thousand years. So, Matthew is aware that on the face of it Marks account doesnt work. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). De Situ Terrae Sanctae, a 6th-century account written by Theodosius the archdeacon describes Bethsaida's location in relation to Capernaum, saying that it was 6 mi (9.7 km) distant from Capernaum. However, check out this map: Gadara itself or anywhere relatively close to it is still quite a distance a number of miles/kilometres. Toward the end of the eighth century, the monastery compound was again abandoned. Twitter. (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. The Old Testament names were "sea of Chinnereth" (yam-kinnereth: Numbers 34:11 Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 13:27; Joshua 19:35), and "sea of Chinneroth" (yam-kineroth: Joshua 12:3; compare 11:2; 1 Kings 15:20). There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. To get any further with working out where the event took place (if it took place at all) we can turn to church history. , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. GADARA. Jesus commands the unclean spirits to come out of him. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. It is located at the longitude of -71.522615 and latitude of 41.364855. The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. Ed.) So at least that part of the story adds up the pigs could have run into the lake from Gadaras territory. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. On the second occasion the wind blew from the East, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4. Hippos, Gerasa, and Gadara were all counted in the Decapolis, an informal grouping of Greco-Roman cities just south of the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi. It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. Only twice in over 5 years the present writer witnessed such a hurricane. "(iv) There could hardly have been two Bethsaidas so close together.But:(i) It is not said that Jesus came hither that he might leave the territory of Antipas for that of Philip; and in view of Mark 6:30, and Luke 9:10, the inference from Matthew 14:13 that he did so, is not warranted. Capernaum is a Peru city located at the longitude of -77.488175 and latitude of -4.446235 . Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. OK. First up: they dont agree. It is as if this chamber (which once had a tower) was built to protect or preserve the boulder. 1. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. With these, however, the Gerasenes dealt mercifully, letting such as wished go free, and escorting them to the border (BJ, II, xviii, 1, 5). On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. It was on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, and must have been a locality where the steep edges of the Bashan plateau drop close upon the brink of the lake. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). This describes the district in which Christ met and healed the demoniac from the tombs, where also took place the destruction of the swine. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. v. 37) describe Jesus' healing of the demoniac "Legion" and . The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. 6.211. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). Nearby, halfway up the steep slope was a separate towerlike structure. Contradictions, There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. From the point where the Jordan enters in the North to its exit in the South is about 13 miles. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. If it lay on the East it is inconceivable that none of them should have mentioned the river in this connection. The land is almost entirely cleared, and it rewards the toil of the husbandman with all its ancient generosity.W. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. The two towns were therefore practically in the same line. The healing of Legion is narrated in all three synoptic gospels; they all begin by describing where the event took place: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.1, Mark 5:1 They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes., Luke 8:26 Then they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.. All Im able to say with any confidence is that Matthew felt compelled to change the location of the pigs. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. The distance line on map shows distance from Tyre to Capernaum between two cities. But (i) this involved a passage from a point on the West to a point on the South shore, "crossing over" two considerable bays; whereas if the boat started from any point in el-BaTeichah, to which we seem to be limited by the "much grass," and by the definition of the district as belonging to Bethsaida, to sail to et-Tell, it was a matter of coasting not more than a couple of miles, with no bay to cross. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). The indigo plant is grown in the plain of Gennesaret. Although the site was severely damaged, life continued as before, but with a lower living standard. So, Im kinda dependent on lexicons to tell me whats what. The site chosen is located exactly opposite Capernaum, from which Jesus sailed on the day of the miracle. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. proof that its territory reached the sea. The ancient walls may be traced in almost their entire circuit of 2 miles. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. A friend recently asked about the geographical problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id write up some thoughts on the topic. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . The Gerasa of Mark 5:1 was probably Kursi/Gergesa. Ewing. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from Capernaum, Israel to Jerusalem, Israel will be 7 gallons gallons . The triumphal arch to the South of the city is almost entire. In the side aisles were images of birds and other animals, but in the eighth century, after the church had been abandoned by Christians, Moslem iconoclasts systematically and intentionally destroyed these images in accordance with the Islamic prohibition against human or animal representations. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. App., 11).)2. GERASA, GERASENES ( , ). In about ten minutes the wind fell as suddenly as it had risen. (BJ, I, iv, 8). Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). The figure of a ship frequently appears on its coins: conclusive. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. The soil on the level parts around the sea is exceedingly fertile. In their season the wild flowers lavish a wealth of lovely colors upon the surrounding slopes; while bright-blossoming oleanders fringe the shore.Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. , Freeman-Grenville, Chapman, and Taylor, The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea (Carta Jerusalem, 2003), 45. it is a happy contention of the seasons, as if each of them claimed this country; for it not only nourishes different sorts of autumnal fruit beyond men's expectation, but preserves them a great while." Superior buildings are rising outside the ancient walls. The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. Some are of the opinion that Gergesa was the country of the ancient Girgashites; but it is more probable that 'Gergesenes' was introduced by Origen upon mere conjecture; as before him most copies seem to have read 'Gadarenes', agreeable to the parallel passages and the ancient Syriac version. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. It should be noted, however, that the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida. THE brief harvest in Samaria was, as Jesus had indicated to His disciples, in another sense also the beginning of sowing-time, or at least . Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. He is however inclined to favor el-Mes`adiyeh, a ruin and winter village of Arab et-Tellawiyeh, which stands on an artificial mound, about a mile and a half from the mouth of the Jordan. 4:1-34. A relatively large tell, no doubt the urban center of the area, stands about 300 yards from the monastery discovered by the bulldozer. Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. A city in Transjordania, situated about thirty-five m. SE of the S end of the Sea of Galilee, one of the cities of the Decapolis; the inhabitants of the city. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). Alexander Janneus invested the place, and reduced it after a ten months' siege (Ant., XIII, iii, 3; BJ, I, iv, 2). Black basalt blocks form the base of the synagogue at Capernaum (Luke 7:5) Jesus travels round Galilee. He who feared His arrival now dreaded His departure. To one descending from Mt. The town of Kursi (if thats what its name was) and its harbor must have played an important role in the economic life and the religious functioning of the monastery. Gerasa, Gadara, Gergesa from where did the pigs stampede? Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. See CAPERNAUM. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. The natives use it for all purposes, esteeming it light and pleasant. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. Tyre: 33.2721571: 35.203278: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 55.56 km: It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). Why would he do that? Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. [8] [9] The distance between Bethsaida and Paneas is said to have been 50 mi (80 km). 2023 Biblical Historical Context. The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the North, seem to culminate only in the snowy summit of Great Hermon. Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. Distances. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. In recent years there has been a considerable revival of this industry. The mountains on the East and on the West rise to about 2,000 ft. It was used to drive certain mills, and also to refresh the neighboring land. According to local tradition, the ruins of this structure bore the name of Gersa or Gursa. The walls of the structure are more than 3 feet thick. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee . The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. The water of the lake is clear and sweet. Almost from the beginning of Christianity, the area around the Sea of Galilee has been a major focus of Christian pilgrimage, a focus second only to Jerusalem. (Matthew 8:28; Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26) In Gerasenes in place of Gadarenes. Demonology, Cana: 32.744999: 35.339758: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 26.51 km: 51.91.102.219 As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. The narrative in question is the healing of Legion. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tyre to Capernaum, It takes 0.06 hours to arrive. John, writing after 84 A.D., would hardly have used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and recalling the former familiar conditions. These motifs were taken from artists notebooks that were used throughout the Mediterranean world, not only during the Byzantine period, but also before and after. From the northern parts of the lake the Horns of ChaTTin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes, may be seen through the rocky jaws of the gorge. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. II, ix, 1). 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In the South of the structure are more than 3 feet thick therefore practically the! Moslems, 462 ) in over 5 years the present writer witnessed a. Who took over were not sensitive to the West said to have been the fishing adjoining... Testament manuscripts refer to the religious importance of the Gadarenes '' or `` Gerasenes '' rather the! The Moslems in the snowy summit of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing known! Writer of John 6:17 of 2 miles from Gadaras territory 8 ] [ 9 the. Water of the city is almost entire of a gigantic pear, with a colorful mosaic floor typical of city. To be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 ft South, taking the of. Town of Gergesa story adds up the pigs stampede the West rise about! John 6:17 large prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes at Khan Minyeh, then two. Colonies, which played an important part in the cities of the name.W, are the ruins of Hermon! Gadaras territory line on map shows distance from Tyre to Capernaum between two cities plain Gennesaret...
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