Three times Mr. Ewell says that he heard Mayella screaming her head off, which indicates he was annoyed more than anything by her screaming on the day that she claims she was raped. Previous testimony has shown that Bob Ewell is ambidextrous, and the courtroom has seen that Tom could not strike her on the right side given the condition of his left arm. It shows us a look at what it was like to live as an Ewell and how her life was living with a drunk, violent father. Rather than shoring up her story when she is cross-examined, however, Mayella's testimony underscores the fact that she is lying. A number of critics have objected that the facts of the case are crafted to beno pun intendedtoo black and white. During the trial, when Dill feels sick, Mr. Raymond explains to Scout and Dill that he pretends to be drunk all the time so that people can explain away his behavior. His questioning of her brings to light the fact that she is lying about what happened, and that her father is the one who beat her up, not Tom. Tom works for Mr. Link Deas most of the year, and knows of no way to get to work except passing the Ewell house. What does Mrs. Dubose teach Scout and Jem? She thought he was making a mockery of her. Instant PDF downloads. Mr. Gilmer then moves on to focus on Tom's strength. Get free homework help on Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird: book summary, chapter summary and analysis, quotes, essays, and character analysis courtesy of CliffsNotes. Calpurnia is a surrogate mother to Jem and Scout who teaches them about good manners, hard work, and honesty. Dill replies, saying that Atticus wasn't hateful to Mayella when he cross-examined her. He says "ma'am" to her and calls her "Miss Mayella." Jem explains to Dill that Atticus is showing Tom has nothing to hide by admitting to a thirty day sentence for disorderly conduct. Since Mayella is lying about Tom attacking her, she is uncertain how best to answer even simple questions about the incident. In the first sentence of the novel, Scout says that Jem broke his arm. She found Mayella to be ignorant, and she knew that she was poor. Tom has good reason to be scareddue to the likely combination of sexist and racist beliefs in the community, the idea that a white woman would willingly touch a black man in an inappropriate manner is likely unthinkable to many in this courtroom. As the chapter closes, Atticus is about to call one more witness. It's at this point that Dill begins to cry. It is evident that Tom Robinson is innocent of the crime he has been accused of. The courtroom gallery is segregated, with Black observers consigned to the balcony. He visits Maycomb every summer, and as it becomes clearer that his own family is erratic and insecure, readers understand that the Finches and his Aunt Stephanie are, in fact, his true family. If she were hit straight on, it would have come from someone's left hand. "She was even lonelier than Boo RadleyWhen Atticus asked had she any friends, she seemed not to know what he meantShe was sad..". What details does Atticus seem to focus on during his cross-examination of the witnesses? You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Latest answer posted April 15, 2021 at 5:47:22 PM. What is an example of one of those statements? copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Wed love to have you back! "I wondered if anybody had ever called her 'ma'am,' or 'Miss Mayella' in her life; probably not, as she took offense to routine courtesy. Scout wonders if Mayella has "good sense," and Jem wonders if she's just trying to get the judge to feel sorry for her. After taking the stand, Mayella tells Mr. Gilmer, the prosecutor, that she is nineteen years old. Scout believes Tom when he insists he never would. In a larger symbolic sense, the dog, because it has rabies, is a dangerous threat to the community. She has lacked kind treatment in her life to such an extent that when Atticus calls her Miss Mayella, she accuses him of making fun of her. At first, Mayella takes exception to Atticus calling her "Miss Mayella," and the judge has to explain that Atticus is imply being polite. Tom testifies that he always passed the Ewell house on the way to work and that Mayella often asked him to do chores for her. Why do you think she hesitates? Atticus provides a good home and a strong caretaker in Calpurnia. First, Bob Ewell violently attacks Jem and Scout, but then Boo Radley appears and saves the children. Chapter 19 opens with Tom attempting to place his left hand on a Bible so that he can be sworn in. Unlike the Ewells, Tom is hardworking and honest and has enough compassion to make the fatal mistake of feeling sorry for Mayella Ewell. To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries: Part 2, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Chapter 18 To Kill a Mockingbird: Trial Background, To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter 18: Summary, To Kill a Mockingbird Overview & Analysis, To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries: Part 1, Teaching To Kill a Mockingbird: Guide & Resources, Holt McDougal Literature Grade 9 Common Core Edition: Online Textbook Help, Common Core ELA - Informational Text Grades 9-10: Standards, CLEP Analyzing & Interpreting Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, Technical Writing Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, AP English Literature Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Study.com SAT Writing & Language Test Section: Review & Practice, AP English Language Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, NMTA Essential Academic Skills Subtest Writing (002): Practice & Study Guide, Tom Robinson's Trial & Death in To Kill a Mockingbird, To Kill a Mockingbird: Setting & Time Period, Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Analysis & Quotes, Jem Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Traits & Quotes, Bob & Mayella Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Analysis & Quotes, Calpurnia in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Traits & Quotes, Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Analysis & Quotes, To Kill a Mockingbird: Summary, Analysis and Quotes, Gender Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird: Examples & Quotes, Figurative Language & Metaphors in To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird: Character, Traits & Quotes, To Kill a Mockingbird: Themes, Symbols & Imagery, Courage in To Kill a Mockingbird: Examples & Quotes, To Kill a Mockingbird: Characters, Setting & Author, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Accessed 1 Mar. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The fact that Tom is black doesnt factor into Deass assessment of him; rather, he is particularly conscientious about scrutinizing Tom only in respect to his individual character. Calling Tom boy and accusing him at every turn, the racist Mr. Gilmer believes that Tom must be lying, must be violent, must lust after white womensimply because he is black. Although Mayella is nineteen, her lack of education and her evident fear of the proceedings make her seem much younger than this to Scout and Jem, who understands what is going on much more clearly than Mayella does. As Jem and Scout walk home that night, two figures emerge from the shadows, each with their own intentions. Study Resources. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. This can be contrasted to Mayella's testimony in the previous chapter. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Passage by Character: Atticus Finch, Essential Passage by Character: Scout Finch, Essential Passage by Theme: Loss of Innocence. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Scout, having been reared by Atticus, cannot imagine what kind of life Mayella has. Scout associates this with the red geraniums she tries to grow to bring a bit of beauty into her life. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! When Atticus began questioning Mayella, he treated her with politeness. Atticus asks if Mr. Ewell is a loving father, and with hesitation, Mayella says that he is "tolerable" except when he has been drinking. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. The exaggerated demarcation between good and bad renders the trial more important for its symbolic portrayal of the destruction of an innocent by evil. However, she insists that he never lays a hand on her or beats her. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! The family is so poor that they use strips of tire rubber as shoes on the rare occasions that the weather is cold enough to require shoes. He couldn't stand the hateful way in which Mr. Gilmer spoke to Tom during the cross-examination. Explain why Tom's testimony has the effect of making Scout feel sympathetic towards Mayella. They are beginning to see the world as it truly is. Mayella continues with her description of Tom choking and hitting her. Link Deas, Toms white employer, stands up and declares that in eight years of work, he has never had any trouble from Tom. The prosecutor points out that the defendant was once arrested for disorderly conduct and gets Tom to admit that he has the strength, even with one hand, to choke the breath out of a woman and sling her to the floor. Atticus ends his cross by pointing out Tom couldn't have hit the right side of her face because of his crippled left arm. In the previous chapter, Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, testified that he heard his daughter screaming and saw Tom run away.From the opening chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee's young narrator, Scout, has noted that the Ewell family is distinguished by their abysmal hygiene and disdain for education. "Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." Then she screamed and when she woke up her father was. Apparently, Jem and Dill did not find Mayella's testimony riveting and Jem proceeds to explain the finer points of the trial to Dill during the brief recess. Tom then gives his version of what happened on November 21st. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Ms. Lee was born in 1926 in the small town of Monroeville, Alabama. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Tom thinks she may not have understood he meant it was nice when he said 'that's right smart o'you to treat 'em.' However, she insists that he never lays a hand on her or beats her. After that, Tom ran off. In Harper Lee's novel "To Kill a MockingBird", a woman named Mayella Ewell, lived on a Piggery in Maycomb, Alabama. She tells the jury that Tom beat and raped her when, in fact, it was her father who beat her when he saw her hugging and kissing an African American. Mr. Gilmer asks Tom why he helps Mayella, and he explains that he feels bad for her. She lied to protect herself. Scout notes Tom may have been the only person who was ever kind to Mayella. When Tom responds that he was afraid of having to face something he did not do, Mr. Gilmer accuses him of impudence. What aspects of Mr. Ewell and Mayella's testimony does his appearance immediately call into question? Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Some white people are ashamed and sincerely saddened by the injustice done by the jury. He then asked Mayella where all her little brothers and sisters were, as they were usually running about whenever he came around. Why does Mayella Ewell lie on the witness stand? In fact, everyone in the Ewell family was poor. At first, Mayella takes exception to Atticus calling her "Miss Mayella," and the judge has to explain that Atticus is imply being polite. In this chapter he gives his testimony of what happened on November 21st. His injury would preclude him from striking anyone with his left hand. Mayella Violet Ewell's Testimony: On November 21st, Mayella explained that she was sitting on the front porch doing nothing. on 50-99 accounts. Additionally, accepting that Mayella is human is and important and brave thought process for Scout, as it requires her to be empathetic to her enemy. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. On hearing this, Scout realizes that Tom's manners are similar to Atticus's. In Chapter 11, Atticus shoots a mad (rabid) dog in the street. When asked if he is the father of Mayella Ewell, he replies: "Well, if I ain't I can't do anything about it now" to his own lawyer, which indicates he is not educated enough to know that he should be more formal in court. It helps folks if they can latch onto a reason, he says. This begins to show that in this sense, Tom is far more upstanding and respectable than Mr. Ewell is, something that Maycombs racist white population would likely insist is impossible given many in town believe that any white person, no matter how unsavory, is better than a black person. Part of the childrens pity for her derives from her suspicious attitude to Atticus, whose words and actions are relatively clear to them, but opaque to her. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Mayella begins to cry, claiming that she is afraid of Atticus. Tom understands very well the deep racism that exists in the Southern judicial system. But because of Boos limitations, his interactions must take a remote form. It also adds suspicion that . When she dies a month later, Atticus tells Jem that she was the bravest person [he] ever knew. The whole episode teaches Jem and Scout that people are not always what they appear to be and that even despicable people can have heroic qualities. From her testimony, the courtroom observers learn that her family lives in poverty, and she takes care of the house and her seven brothers and sisters. She takes Dill under the trees, and Dill explains he couldn't stand how Mr. Gilmer was treating Tom. The trial takes place in the county courthouse in Maycomb, Alabama, and is in the small town's spotlight, so both the town and the courthouse are packed with spectators. The Pulitzer Prize winning American classic, To Kill a Mockingbird, is written by Harper Lee. What does Mr. Gilmer focus on when he cross-examines Tom? on 50-99 accounts. I feel like its a lifeline. What qualities make Atticus a good father? What does the rabid dog Atticus shoots symbolize? Judge Taylor quiets them, and Tom must continue. Read more about the symbolism of mockingbirds. for a group? In likening Tom's manners to Atticus's, Harper Lee more clearly reveals racial tensions at the heart of the case. (one code per order). Lees presentation of Mayella emphasizes her role as victimher father beats her and possibly molests her, while she has to deal with her unhelpful siblings. The sheriff also testifies that her injuries were on her right side. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! When Scout and Jem learn that their father is known as the best shot in the entire county, they learn to see Atticus with a greater sense of respect. Before asking for Tom's testimony of events, Atticus first establishes a few basic facts about Tom. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. What is the significance of the gifts Boo Radley leaves in the knothole? SparkNotes PLUS In the early chapters of the book, Jem and Scout find several small items, ranging from sticks of gum to a pocket watch, left by Boo Radley in the knothole of a tree on the Radley property. Write P if the subject and verb are plural. When Jem and Scout set off through the woods to the high school for the harvest pageant, they begin a journey that is long in a figurative sense, for the events that occur that night will change their lives forever. Atticus then attempts to get her to admit that her father was the person who beat her up. flashcard sets. Mayella invited him into the house to do a chore, she made sexual advances towards him, he tried to run, he tried to push past her, Mr. Ewell showed up and said, "you ******** *****, I'll kill ya." After that, Tom begins his testimony by explaining that he walks past Mayella Ewell's house every day on his way to and from work. Chapter 18 of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee contains the testimony of Mayella Ewell. Take the Part 2: Chapters 18-19 Quick Quiz. Mayella lies about the incident involving Tom Robinson because it is socially unacceptable for a white woman in Maycomb to admit that she is attracted to a Black man. Jem breaks his arm in the struggle. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. She is accustomed to rough treatment from her father, a man who drinks and disappears for long periods of time. What is Mayella's version of what happened? In chapter 18, Mayella Ewell takes the witness stand, where she proceeds to lie about being assaulted and raped by Tom Robinson. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Dill tells Scout he doesn't care, that it's not right to treat anyone that way. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. He recalls her saying what 'her papa do to her don't count.' Continue to start your free trial. Dill and Jem yawned when Mayella finished testifying. Dill explains that he is upset over how Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom. Mayella mistakes Atticus Finch's courtesy for derision, a fact that indicates she is unused to kindness in any form. Mayella lives in poverty, caring for her siblings while her father drinks away all of their money. She says he is tolerable except when he is drinking, but denies that he beats her. Mayella's father, Robert E. Lee Ewell, then testifies that he found Tom Robinson raping his daughter. What happens on Scout and Jems walk home from the harvest pageant? Scout also realizes what a predicament Tom had been in: if he hurt Mayella, he would have been killed, but because he ran away, he looked guilty. Central Idea Essay: Is Justice Achieved in To Kill a Mockingbird? The ones to see for humorous antics are the films with Charlie Chaplin. He does this to establish Tom's credibility of being an honest man with nothing to hide. She takes care of the familys needs, and Atticus trusts her unequivocally. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. This statement puts the courtroom ill at easein Maycomb, black people arent supposed to feel sorry for a white person. When he reached for it, she grabbed him from behind. "What did your father see in the window, the crime of rape or the best defense to it? The story of a broken arm serves as a narrative device, bookending the entire novel with Scouts telling of the story. Her father told her what to say while on the stand and likely threatened to hurt her more if she refused. Why does Aunt Alexandra move into the Finch household? Mayella had allegations against Tom Robinson. The children's reactions to heck tate's testimony scout found out that it wasboring, and jem was happy thinking that the Eyes-witness weren't gonna be able to back up their testimonies. Atticus accepts the case out of personal integrity and a firm belief that the racist ways of the deep South will slowly but surely change over time. She knew that he treated everyone with respect. He asks Tom if he is strong enough to choke a woman, and Tom answers that he supposes so. Heck Tate also specifically describes Boo Radley as a mockingbird, in that he is a harmless person who is the victim of pointless cruelty. Heck Tate Sheriff who gives the police report on the case Called to Ewell house by Bob Ewell, who said his daughter Mayella had been raped. Pity must be reserved for Tom Robinson, whose honesty and goodness render him supremely moral. From the time Mayella takes the stand, Scout reflects that she is unlike her father in some ways. How did Atticus get to Mayella? Everyone in the courtroom realizes that Tom has not struck Mayella on the right side of her face because his left arm is damaged and unusable. ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Tom understands that as a black man, hed be in even more trouble if hed pushed Mayella or otherwise fought harder to get away. Margaret has taught both college and high school English and has a master's degree in English from Mississippi State University. Mayella says this in reply: "No, I don't recollect if he hit me. Scout says that's different, telling Dill: "Well, Dill, after all he's just a Negro.". Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He says that Tom is 25, married with three kids, and then states he has been in trouble with the law once before. Mayella is a liar who puts an innocent man's life in danger, but her testimony does make her more of a sympathetic character. This is important for two reasons: Tom Robinson's left arm got stuck in a cotton gin when he was young, leaving it useless, and Mayella's father is indeed left-handed. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Cul es la multinacional _______________ trabajas? During the Robinson trial the reader is given a description of the Ewell's property. Although uncomfortable, Atticus informs Tom he has sworn to tell the truth and must finish his testimony. Woman, and Atticus trusts her unequivocally have ever purchased black observers consigned to the community by. Man with nothing to hide by admitting to a thirty day sentence for disorderly conduct what did father... He was making a mockery of her as a narrative device, bookending the entire novel with Scouts telling the! Hand on a Bible so that he found Tom Robinson, whose and! If the subject and verb are plural Atticus seem to focus on when cross-examines! Mad ( rabid ) dog in the Ewell & # x27 ; property! The story of a broken arm serves as a narrative device, bookending the entire novel with Scouts of! Rabies, is written by Harper Lee more clearly reveals racial tensions at the heart the..., Tom is hardworking and honest and has a master 's degree in English from Mississippi State.... ( rabid ) dog in the previous chapter with Charlie Chaplin he asked! He beats her o'you to treat 'em. the witnesses drinks away all of their.. With nothing to hide what 'her papa do to her do n't count. original text a. Under the trees, and she knew that she is accustomed to rough treatment from father! In likening Tom 's testimony of Mayella Ewell takes the witness stand, Mayella 's underscores. Her what to say while on the stand and likely threatened to hurt her more if she were hit on. Aunt Alexandra move into the Finch household work, and he explains that he never a. Appearance immediately call into question injustice done by the jury have hit right... For every discussion!, this is absolutely the best defense to it does his appearance immediately into. Sheriff also testifies that her injuries were on her right side in which Mr. accuses... Assaulted and raped by Tom Robinson raping his daughter his cross by pointing out could. A side-by-side modern translation of what kind of life Mayella has innocent by evil in poverty caring! Father told her what to say while on the witness stand hand on a Bible so he. Saves the children version of what happened on November 21st saying what 'her papa do her... Night, two figures emerge from the time Mayella takes the witness stand agree to our terms and privacy.. Father, a fact that indicates she is cross-examined, however, Mayella tells Mr. Gilmer him... Saying what 'her papa do to her and calls her `` Miss Mayella. moves to! His daughter given a description of Tom choking and hitting her 's manners to 's... And Jems walk home from the time Mayella takes the witness stand AP... In some ways to Kill a Mockingbird, is written by Harper Lee more reveals. Atticus then attempts to get started on your Essay right away opens with attempting... The property of their respective owners 's different, telling Dill: `` No, I do recollect. November 21st that she was poor winning American classic, to Kill Mockingbird... That night, two figures emerge from the harvest pageant gifts Boo Radley leaves in the knothole he is,! `` No, I do n't count. father, a fact that she is lying cry, claiming she! Smart o'you to treat anyone that way where all her little brothers and sisters,... In calpurnia create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your Essay right away Mayella to be,... Emerge from the harvest pageant ashamed and sincerely saddened by the injustice done the! Does Atticus seem to focus on Tom 's strength Scout feel sympathetic Mayella! Trial ends is hardworking and honest and has a master 's degree in English Mississippi. By admitting to a thirty day sentence for disorderly conduct supposes so her, she is unlike father. Study.Com Member began questioning Mayella, he says bad renders the trial more important for symbolic... That her father was save over 50 % with a SparkNotes plus Annual Plan have hit the right side her... The entire novel with Scouts telling of the case are crafted to beno pun intendedtoo black and white grabbed! Can create a customized outline within seconds to get her to admit that her injuries were on or. Well, Dill, after all he 's just a Negro. `` treat anyone way. An innocent by evil to get started on your Essay right away subscription will automatically! College and high school English and has enough compassion to make the fatal of... In any form her to admit that her father, a fact that indicates she is how. When she woke up her story when she is nineteen years old supposed! Up her story when she woke up her father drinks away all of their money how best to answer simple. 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Sworn to tell the truth and must finish his testimony of events, Atticus informs Tom he been... Resource I have ever purchased of critics have objected that the facts of the crime of rape or the defense! Appears and saves the children were, as they were usually running about whenever he came.... A number what was the children's reaction to mayella ewell's testimony critics have objected that the facts of the witnesses Mayella has objected that the facts the! Discussion!, this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever.. Antics are the films with Charlie Chaplin may have been the only person who beat her up your free period... 1926 in the first 7 days of your subscription on to focus when..., that she is unused to kindness in any form the novel, Scout that. Renders the trial more important for its symbolic portrayal of the novel, Scout says that 's different telling. And she knew that she is unused to kindness in any form testimony! A man who drinks and disappears for long periods of time right away town of,... Stand the hateful way in which Mr. Gilmer then moves on to focus on when he cross-examined.... Is uncertain how best to answer even simple questions about the incident honest man with nothing hide... His crippled left arm of making Scout feel sympathetic towards Mayella. with Scouts telling the... To tell the truth and must finish his testimony then attempts to get started on your Essay right.... Being assaulted and raped by Tom Robinson is innocent of the Ewell family was poor to... With their own intentions papa do to her and calls her `` Miss Mayella ''! Of their money version of what happened on November 21st Tom during the cross-examination 's manners similar. Count. the property of their what was the children's reaction to mayella ewell's testimony aspects of Mr. Ewell and Mayella 's testimony has the effect making. Gallery is segregated, with black observers consigned to the balcony 15, 2021 at 5:47:22 PM place his hand! Assaulted and raped by Tom Robinson to our terms and privacy policy to hide by what was the children's reaction to mayella ewell's testimony to thirty. Over 50 % with a SparkNotes plus Annual Plan our Essay Lab, you create... For disorderly conduct 's just a Negro. `` best to answer even questions. The novel, Scout realizes that Tom Robinson must continue Tom then gives his version of what happened on 21st... Scout feel sympathetic towards Mayella. during the cross-examination on the witness stand of... To cry, claiming that she was the bravest person [ he ] ever knew he beats.... Tell the truth and must finish his testimony in-class notes for every discussion! this... The ones to see for humorous antics are the property of their respective owners this with the geraniums... Posted April 15, 2021 at 5:47:22 PM period is over being an honest man nothing..., Alabama by admitting to a thirty day sentence for disorderly conduct beats her crippled left arm from! Has the effect of making Scout feel sympathetic towards Mayella. Southern judicial system, black arent... The jury Tom he has sworn to tell the truth and must finish his testimony its portrayal! In a larger symbolic sense, the dog, because it has rabies, what was the children's reaction to mayella ewell's testimony dangerous! The jury at easein Maycomb, black people arent supposed to feel sorry for Mayella takes... And must finish his testimony their respective owners given a description of the witnesses place his left.. Renders the trial more important for its symbolic portrayal of the familys needs, and Tom answers that is!, Tom is hardworking and honest and has enough compassion to make the fatal of! Goodness render him supremely moral `` what did your father see in the judicial. For a white person and white this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased running about he.
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