Pursuant to the TVPA, governments of countries on Tier 3 may be subject to certain restrictions on foreign assistance, whereby the President may determine not to provide U.S. government nonhumanitarian, nontrade-related foreign assistance as defined in the TVPA. Detention in these camps is intended to erase ethnic and religious identities under the pretext of vocational training. Forced labor is a central tactic used for this repression. The GNA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers, including by working closely with the U.S. government in the context of our recurring bilateral Security Dialogue to disarm and demobilize the militias, which engage in their recruitment and use. Whether the government has entered into effective, transparent partnerships, cooperative arrangements, or agreements that have resulted in concrete and measurable outcomes with , a. domestic civil society organizations, private sector entities, or international nongovernmental organizations, or into multilateral or regional arrangements or agreements, to assist the governments efforts to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and punish traffickers; or. Tunisia Somalia First, child-friendly spaces provide a calm and reassuring physical environment. Page 25: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson Chad We paid daily for a bed, for the space at the bar, for the help the bar owners gave us. An August 2021 report from the Government Accountability Office as well as annual reports from the Defense Department Inspector General "show that human trafficking tragically still exists in . The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. Congo, Democratic Republic of the The ways in which a service provider would engage with an eight-year-old child exploited by a family member will need to be different than when engaging with a child who has a safe home with a trusted adult. 12. For example, in the United States, the Departments of State, the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security released the Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory to alert businesses and other entities to the reputational, economic, and legal risks of involvement with entities in or linked to Xinjiang. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing human trafficking. Whether the government of the country cooperates with other governments in the investigation and prosecution of severe forms of trafficking in persons and has entered into bilateral, multilateral, or regional law enforcement cooperation and coordination arrangements with other countries. To maintain a Tier 1 ranking, governments need to demonstrate appreciable progress each year in combating trafficking. The Jordanian police counter-trafficking unit worked with UNODC to implement a coordinated COVID-19 mitigation plan to protect first responders by procuring sanitation materials, protective equipment, medical kits, and COVID-19 testing units. Harold Jahnsen United Arab Emirates Between April 2020 and March 2021, Comoros and Nepal became States Parties to the Protocol. According to the joint survey by OSCE and UN Women, only 24 percent of the 385 anti-trafficking organizations that responded to the survey could remain fully operational during the pandemic. Forms of slavery or slavery-like practicesincluding the sale of children, forced or compulsory child labor, and debt bondage and serfdom of childrencontinue to exist, despite legal prohibitions and widespread condemnation. Frequently, service providers use the same approaches and resources for familial trafficking that are used for all types of human trafficking, which can be inappropriate and even harmful. The report also said government corruption and complicity in trafficking crimes also inhibited law-enforcement action in 2021. The following excerpts highlight the reflections of some who have directly experienced the ways in which systemic racism intersects with human trafficking in the United States and provide insight and guidance on how best to move forward. The 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021. Tonga It wasnt until my adult years that I was able to process how closely this aligned with racial oppression. Some governments expanded protective services, such as admitting live teleconference testimony in court or providing victims the option to testify remotely to avoid interacting with their traffickers. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic, Changing Human Trafficking Trends Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impacts of COVID-19 on the Anti-Trafficking Community, Adaptations to Anti-Trafficking Efforts in Response to COVID-19, Considerations for the Anti-Trafficking Fields Response to COVID-19 and Beyond, Navigating the Unique Complexities in Familial Trafficking, Unifying Trauma-Informed Practices and Voices of Survivor Leadership, The Negative Impacts of Human Trafficking Misinformation, The Role of the Financial Sector: Promising Practices in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Acknowledging Historical and Ongoing Harm: The Connections between Systemic Racism and Human Trafficking, Child-Friendly Spaces for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Letter on LGBTQI+ Vulnerability to Human Trafficking, When the Government is the Trafficker: State-Sponsored Trafficking in Persons, Funding Restrictions for Tier 3 Countries, TVPA Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons, Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui |Central African Republic, Chantal Sagbo Sasse ep. Janet Zinn. Civil society organizations collaborated to promote information sharing and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking guidance remotely. As part of this work, it commits to engaging with its interagency, civil society, private sector, multilateral, and survivor leader partners to better understand systemic racisms effects on the human trafficking field and to integrate racial equity more intentionally into the U.S. anti-trafficking response. Efforts to reform the kafala system and develop non-exploitative policies would benefit from input and recommendations from survivors who experienced forced labor under this system. Additionally, traffickers sought to re-exploit survivors who became financially unstable and vulnerable to revictimization. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all appropriate measures against officials who condone or enable such trafficking. Always discerning the needs of the moment,Pooleadapts to meet new challenges. Whether the government of the country achieves appreciable progress in eliminating severe forms of trafficking when compared to the assessment in the previous year. Burma She and her team have developed anti-trafficking monitoring cells throughout the countrys capital composed of community members, whom SIFOS has trained and empowered to identify human trafficking within vulnerable populations, and to safely report suspected cases to authorities. The Chinese authorities also made Mei stay in cells that were equipped with cameras and a loudspeaker. Over half of us on the streets are there because we were thrown out for being ourselves. However, he and his team at the Ministry have continued to strive toward the goal of increasing transparency and protections against forced labor for migrant workers. As of April 5, no PKO funding was obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $76,098 In some countries, the law provides for corporate accountability in both the civil and criminal justice systems. The means element of sex trafficking occurs when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion. To support survivors in rebuilding their lives and preventing further exploitation, the financial sector can offer account qualification exception programs and low-to-no fee second chance accounts. Colombia Crises disproportionately affect the most vulnerable, exacerbating the conditions for victims of human trafficking and increasing the risk of human trafficking for others. Cuba U.S. diplomatic posts and domestic agencies reported on the human trafficking situation and governmental action to fight trafficking based on thorough research that included meetings with a wide variety of government officials, local and international NGO representatives, officials of international organizations, journalists, academics, and survivors. While the number of individuals at risk of trafficking grew during the pandemic, so did the conditions under which traffickers thrive. 9. In October 2019, at least two children (under the age of 15) were recruited and used in supporting roles at a remote checkpoint in Northeast Nigeria. Traffickers often target children because they are more vulnerable. In an article I wrote posted on Feb. 25, I detailed how there's been an unprecedented number of sex trafficking arrests since President Donald Trump was sworn into office, and the mainstream media has completely ignored this massive story.The initial wave of arrests did not involve high-profile persons or government officials. It is in the U.S. national interest to support efforts to bring about a negotiated political settlement led by the United Nations Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen. Some countries automatically extended temporary and transitory visas for migrant workers, while others suspended fines for unauthorized stays or extended medical coverage to anyone awaiting a decision on their immigration status. The 2022 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report covered government efforts undertaken during the reporting period from April 1, 2021, through March 31, 2022, the spokesman said. Invite a diversity of lived experience experts to be part of organizational staffing, not only because of what they have survived but also for the professional skills and expertise they offer. To maintain momentum and coordination in implementation, the Secretary-General extended the mandate of the Special Coordinator on improving the UN response to sexual exploitation and abuse until 31 December 2021. Peacekeeping Operations $12,692,025 Italy Cases of official corruption are cited that involve Federal agents, prosecutors, judicial officers, political leaders, sheriffs, and police officers. Enabling human trafficking survivors participation in the regulated financial sector is critical. In addition, some service providers offered telephone and online counseling and legal aid sessions, including filing temporary protection orders by email and providing legal representation via online platforms. Page 6: Picture Alliance The rates can be found here: https://fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/treasury-reporting-rates-exchange/treasury-reporting-rates-of-exchange-as-of-december-31-2020-with-amendments.xlsx, Inside Front Cover: Panos Pictures/William Daniels In June 2019, the Minister of Justice and Judiciary launched Somalias version of a UN advocacy and action campaign called ACT to Protect, aimed at protecting children affected by armed conflict, and the CPU established a Children Affected by Armed Conflict working group. New Zealand The owner kept Aarav from communicating with his family and threatened physical abuse if he tried to leave. MANILA, Philippines (AP) Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on Thursday publicly named 46 government officials, including three congressmen, he said are involved in illegal drugs, and added that criminal investigations against them are underway. Employ a third-party reviewer to assess the organizations integration of survivor leadership and trauma-informed approaches. Mongolia Report: Police, coast guard, immigration officers also involved. Oropouche West MP Dr Roodal Moonilal said he is not aware of any investigation into government officials being involved in human trafficking while the UNC was in power between 2010 and 2015, contrary to statements made by former UNC minister Devant Maharaj. IOM adapted its existing MigApp for migrant workers in the Americas to include a new section to highlight official health recommendations to prevent the spread of the virus, capture changes across countriessuch as border restrictions, COVID-19 hotlines, or migration status changesand produce surveys to better understand the COVID-related challenges migrants faced. In an environment with extremely limited access to critical protection services, Cabrera and her office led efforts to secure funding for the creation of three victim shelters in Toluca, Huixquilucan, and Texcoco, which can now house up to 210 victims of trafficking. For example, experts have developed techniques to link some cryptocurrency transaction records to online commercial sex advertisements, which can provide additional information on human trafficking networks. A waiver to allow the continuation of PKO assistance to support CTSAMVM and RJMEC will help maintain accountability regarding the Government of South Sudans unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers by allowing critical funding for the continued operation of these key oversight and monitoring mechanisms. For 26 years, Roco Mora-Nieto has dedicated her efforts to combat the sexual exploitation of women and, since the 1990s, sex trafficking in Spain through her work as director of the Association for the Prevention, Reintegration and Assistance of Prostituted Women (APRAMP). The Nigerian military has also responded to end the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers when isolated incidents are brought to their attention. Laila . 4. Three police officers were prosecuted for trafficking crimes, and a customs officer was charged in April 2021 under the Immigration Act for aiding and abetting the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant, but the investigation, which included a probe into whether the case involved human trafficking, is still pending. PKO funds will be used to continue to support the Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (CTSAMVM), which includes regional and international personnel that monitor, identify, and report on parties responsible for violations of the December 2017 Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) and the ceasefire provisions of the September 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS). Nepal Palau In addition, the GOI has made progress centralizing payment systems, including for the PMF, which helps to prevent government salaries from being paid to children. Finally, as co-chair of the Task Force mandated by the UN High-Level Committee on Management to develop a common approach to combat TIP and forced labor in supply chains, the OSCE has closely worked with the UN system to coordinate these efforts among all major IOs. The reality is that abuse, pain, torture, and exploitation is the only existence these survivors may have known. Karen Vierling Allen Over three years, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is building capacity to improve victim identification and national referral mechanisms, sharing information with judicial authorities about criminal networks and individuals associated with human trafficking, and strengthening international co-ordination and co-operation by promoting new investigations and prosecutions through establishing liaisons between national co-ordination mechanisms and judicial authorities focused on human trafficking, the spokesman said. Morocco Many reputable sources publish information online to help the public understand when information being shared about human trafficking is misleading or false. Whether the government of the country monitors immigration and emigration patterns for evidence of severe forms of trafficking in persons and whether law enforcement agencies of the country respond to any such evidence in a manner that is consistent with the vigorous investigation and prosecution of acts of such trafficking, as well as with the protection of human rights of victims and the internationally recognized human right to leave any country, including ones own, and to return to ones own country. After receiving a tip from child rights activists, police conducted a raid to remove the children from the factory and arrest the trafficker. Many of us loathe the churches that allowed us to be abused with their hatred of us from the pulpit. Organizations can also implement paid mental health days, self-care plans as part of employee reviews, and organization-wide education encompassing individual wellness. As a result, APRAMP was able to remain active in reporting on sex trafficking trends, thus providing strategic information to other relevant stakeholders. The government of the country should make serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. A full waiver the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Nigeria allows the U.S. government to continue to provide security assistance in delivery of the above lines of efforts. Kidnappings fueling human trafficking between Venezuela and its island neighbor have been carried out in Delta Amacuro, according to a 2020 report from Dr Cleophas Justine Pierre, a human trafficking researcher and director of research and business development at Dunn, Pierre, Barnett and Company Canada Limited. Syrian detainee: Does Trinidad and Tobago Government hate us? Sister Imelda Pooles leadership in the fight against human trafficking extends far beyond her own work to inspire others. Ashley Hernandez These key principles and concepts relate to all forms of trafficking in persons, including forced labor and sex trafficking. For example, organizations will prioritize hiring a survivor as a staff member or consultant and then equate that action with becoming a fully trauma-informed entity, while failing to use a trauma-informed approach to care, which often retraumatizes individuals receiving services. Privacy intrusions are also a concern and occur when information or images about people mistakenly believed to be trafficking victims, or those of actual victims, are shared in connection to conspiracy misinformation or disinformation. Traffickers target some individuals with an initial debt assumed willingly as a condition of future employment, while in certain countries traffickers tell individuals they inherited the debt from relatives. This year, the TIP Report introduction examines the emerging trends, challenges, and adaptations to global anti-trafficking efforts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In many countries, law enforcement agencies reassigned personnel responsible for investigating human trafficking to enforcing lockdowns and public health measures. Receiving various services in one place and during the same timeframe shields the survivor from having to repeat the story of what happened to them multiple times. Of further concern, experts have identified the strategic production and dissemination of false narratives about sex trafficking by white supremacists and other extremists, including violent extremists, in the United States as a means of recruiting new members. The spokesperson did not identify specific individuals to be investigated. The President further certified that the governments of the above countries are taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. During a raid, Salih managed to run away to a displaced persons camp. The 2021 report, which covers the period of April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, identified which governments around the world are meeting the minimum standards to eliminate human trafficking under . Children should receive immediate support and assistance in a safe and comfortable setting that is not intimidating or retraumatizing. In the long term, private-sector collaboration should aim to improve the ability of companies to withstand shocks from crises that could leave portions of their workforce vulnerable to trafficking. Ukraine Over the past decade, two of the most highlighted conversations in the anti-trafficking movement have centered on the need to incorporate trauma-informed practices into anti-trafficking work and to invite survivors into leadership positions within organizations. Organizations might be in different stages of understanding and implementing trauma-informed and survivor-centered processes. The PRC initially denied all allegations, dismissing them as international interference in its domestic affairs. International Military Education and Training $205,775 When I was told, you will either be a child of mine or gay, I simply said fine and walked out the door with the few items I could carry. Vivian Ekey Heather Fisher Andrea Balint A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. In 2021, this initiative examined how to improve information sharing between and among governments on topics such as KSTs transitioning through official ports, the use of ships and small vessels as weapons, and the smuggling or trafficking of narcotics or arms through subregional workshops focused on West Africa, East Africa, and East Asia . The multi-faceted challenges generated by the COVID-19 pandemic continue to evolve and expose vulnerability in individuals, as well as systemic gaps. In June 2020, the Government of Sri Lanka approved a National COVID-19 Response Plan for Migrant Workers that covered prevention and the protection of trafficking victims, while the UK government extended public-funded safe accommodation for current victims and survivors for an additional three months. Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. Honduras For the purpose of the CSPA, and generally consistent with the provisions of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, the term child soldier means: i. any person under 18 years of age who takes a direct part in hostilities as a member of governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; ii. The term child soldier includes any person described in clauses (ii), (iii), or (iv) who is serving in any capacity, including in a support role, such as a cook, porter, messenger, medic, guard, or sex slave.. Current military assistance to Cameroon includes IMET and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) funding. Governments and anti-trafficking organizations responded to the increased vulnerabilities due to the pandemic through efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking and expand protection measures for victims. If a government has penalized or punished a victim in such a way, the government should vacate the conviction and/or expunge the victims record. The US Department of State has once again urged Government to crack down on officials suspected of being involved in human trafficking. International Military Education and Training $394,066 Korea, South Katherin paid US $1,500 to escape Venezuela and find security and opportunity in Guyana. Compensate survivors in leadership commensurate with other leadership. Given constraints around physical space and financial resources, service providers and NGOs may need to develop creative ways to establish a child-friendly space. Page 75: Panos Pictures/Samuel Aranda When the family member or guardian is the victims trafficker, it may not be apparent that human trafficking is occurring, especially because the victim lives with or near the perpetrator. Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. Human trafficking is typically not so simple or salacious. The value of collaboration between anti-trafficking actors. The Houthi rebels gave the boys weapons and forced them to fight and guard checkpoints. Saint Lucia Namibia Tegan Hare Oman NGOs from various countries separately reported significant funding cuts due to COVID-19, which forced some to halt all assistance or cancel certain victim-support services. Rwanda The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). It will promote peace and security in the region through maritime security and counterterrorism capacity building. Zambia After three weeks of work, she was only paid US $23, far below the promised salary. While kicking a ball in an abandoned field outside of Marib, Yemen, Houthi rebels came charging for the boys. Allyson West: Who destroyed people's property tax details? In addition to putting a child trafficking victim at ease by providing a safe and structured environment for play and learning, such spaces also can help facilitate the prosecution of human traffickers by offering critical support to children as they provide information to law enforcement to help hold perpetrators accountable. The CPU raised awareness of child protection activities, through inter-ministerial meetings with the Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Internal Security, Justice, Health and Education, and developed and disseminated radio and print media content regarding the prevention of child recruitment and conscription in armed conflict. If another family member notices the exploitation of the child, there is a strong incentive to look the other way to protect the family, both physically and in reputation, from outside interventions. A trauma-informed approach should ultimately build trust and transparency between survivors and service providers, and it must also be responsive to gender, age, ethnic, and cultural differences. The Department of State assesses that the social and economic disruption caused by the conflict are the primary drivers for the ongoing unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers in Yemen by all parties to the conflict. The chart below shows the Ratification, Accession (a), or Acceptance (A) of relevant international conventions for those countries that have ratified, acceded to, or accepted any such conventions between April 2020 and March 2021. Megan Hjelle-Lantsman Panama As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. 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